Additional Information

Description

Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg Sublingual Tablets are a fast-acting nitrate medication used primarily for the prevention and relief of acute episodes of angina pectoris. Angina occurs when the oxygen supply to the heart muscle is insufficient, typically due to coronary artery disease. Nitroglycerin works by dilating blood vessels, reducing the heart's workload and improving blood flow to the myocardium, thus relieving chest pain and preventing anginal attacks.

The mechanism of action involves the conversion of nitroglycerin to nitric oxide within vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Elevated cGMP levels result in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation. This process reduces myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing both preload and afterload.

Common side effects include headache, dizziness, flushing, and hypotension. These effects are typically dose-dependent and related to the vasodilatory properties of the medication. Patients are advised to avoid abrupt changes in posture to reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Excessive use may result in tolerance, diminishing its effectiveness over time.